Association of High Blood Pressure With Physical Activity, Screen-Based Sedentary Time, and Sedentary Breaks in a 2-Year Cohort of Community Dwelling Adults.

Objective: This study analyzed the association of high blood pressure (HBP) with physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sedentary breaks in 2-year follow-up. Methods: A sample of 331 middle-aged and older adults (mean age of 59.6 ± 17.3 years) was randomly selected and assessed at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. HBP was considered as ≥140/90 mmHg values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sedentary breaks were assessed by questionnaire. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index were covariates. Results: Continuous HBP was observed in 26.3% of sample between baseline and follow-up. Adults who reported continuously high sedentary breaks at leisure activities were less likely to have HBP (OR = 0.34, p = 0.011), as well as those who remained high physically active (OR = 0.41, p = 0.016), even after mutual adjustment. No association was observed between high sedentary behavior and HBP at follow-up. Conclusion: Community dwelling adults who were high active and performed frequent sedentary breaks were less likely to have HBP in 2-year follow-up. Strategies for HBP control should considered both physical activities and leisure sedentary breaks in adult population.

Waist circumference was associated with 2-year blood pressure change in community dwelling adults independently of BMI.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to analyze the association of 2-year changes in BMI and waist circumference with changes in blood pressure (BP) in a randomized sample of community-dwelling adults. METHODS: A sample of 331 middle-aged and older adults (mean age of 59.6 ± 17.3 years) was randomly selected. Measurements of SBP and DBP, BMI, and waist circumference were collected at baseline and after 2-year follow-up. Chronological age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and self-reported medical diagnosis and use of medication for hypertension, diabetes, and high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were covariates. Multiple linear regression models were adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SBP was positively associated with BMI (ß = 0.48, P = 0.013) and waist circumference (ß = 0.21, P = 0.005) at baseline and only with waist circumference at follow-up (ß = 0.20, P = 0.007). DBP was positively associated with BMI (ß = 0.31, P = 0.009) and waist circumference (ß = 0.12, P = 0.006) values at baseline and at follow-up (BMI ß = 0.42, P = 0.001; waist circumference ß = 0.18, P = 0.001). Only the 2-year changes in waist circumference were associated to changes in SBP (ß = 0.33, P = 0.013), regardless of confounding factors and BMI. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that waist circumference is the main factor for control over the time in strategies focused on BP management in adult population.

Physical activity across life stages and sleep quality in adulthood - an epidemiological study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between the continuous physical activity (PA) at different life stages with sleep quality in adults. METHODS: This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 843 adults (61.7% female) with a mean age of 56.6 (±18.3) years was randomly selected. The PA at different life stages was assessed retrospectively in childhood and adolescence, and the current PA was assessed by Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire. Variables of sex, age group, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and current physical activity were covariates. The association between continuous PA at different life stages with sleep quality was analyzed by binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Overweight adults who practiced PA in adolescence were 46% less likely to have poor sleep quality when compared to those who did not practice physical activity in this life stage (Odds ratio = 0.54, p = 0.031). Adults who continued to practice PA at youth and adulthood were 49% less likely to have poor sleep quality when compared to those without continuous PA (Odds ratio = 0.51, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality was negatively associated with continuous PA between youth and adulthood in overall sample and negatively associated with PA in adolescence among overweight adults.

Body size dissatisfaction associated with dietary pattern, overweight, and physical activity in adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

This study analyzed the association of body size dissatisfaction with body mass index, dietary pattern, and physical activity in adolescents. A sample of 1074 participants between 10 and 17 years of age was recruited. Body size dissatisfaction was assessed with the silhouettes' scale. Dietary pattern, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were assessed with questionnaires. Body mass index was measured objectively. The prevalence of body size dissatisfaction was 77.0%, where 29.8% desired to increase body size and 47.2% desired to decrease body size. Adolescents who desired to increase body size were more likely to consume vegetables and sweets and less likely to be in the highest quartile of physical activity than satisfied adolescents. Adolescents who desired to reduce body size were more likely to report lower fruit and vegetable consumption than satisfied adolescents. Health actions aiming to reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescents should address improvement in dietary pattern and physical activity engagement, considering that desires to increase or decrease body size were differently associated in this study.

Physical activity is more related to adiposity in hypertensive than nonhypertensive middle-aged and older adults.

OBJECTIVE: Adiposity is the main risk factor for hypertension and is negatively related to physical activity. However, it is not clear if this relationship is different according to hypertension. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship of physical activity in different domains with adiposity in hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A sample of 843 adults (61.6% of female) was randomly selected, with a mean age of 56.6 (±18.3) years. Diagnosed hypertension and the use of medicines were self-reported. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire and blood pressure was measured by the oscillometric device. Adiposity indicators were as follows: BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). RESULTS: Hypertension was reported by 44.7% of sample, being higher among older-aged, obese, elevated waist circumference and WHtR, and low physical activity groups. Physical activity was negatively related to BMI (leisure-time physical activity ß = -0.070, total physical activity ß = -0.082), waist circumference (leisure-time physical activity ß = -0.031, total physical activity ß = -0.037), and WHtR (leisure-time physical activity ß = -4.917, total physical activity ß = -5.996) in hypertensive adults. Hypertensive adults who had obesity were more likely to be less active at leisure physical activity [odds ratio (OR) = 2.25] and in total physical activity (OR = 2.46) than hypertensive adults with normal weight. Hypertensive adults with elevated waist circumference and elevated WHtR were more likely to be less active in total physical activity than those hypertensive adults with normal values (OR = 2.34 and 3.33, respectively). CONCLUSION: Leisure time and total physical activity were related to adiposity only in hypertensive adults. Higher physical activity levels could be important to adiposity control in hypertensive population.

Body size dissatisfaction associated with dietary pattern, overweight, and physical activity in adolescents - a cross-sectional study.

This study analyzed the association of body size dissatisfaction with body mass index, dietary pattern, and physical activity in adolescents. A sample of 1,074 participants between 10-17years was recruited. Body size dissatisfaction was assessed by silhouettes scale. Dietary pattern, physical activity, and socioeconomic status were assessed by questionnaires. Body mass index was objectively measured. Body size dissatisfaction prevalence was 77.0%, where 29.8% desired to increase body size and 47.2% desired to decrease body size. Adolescents who desired to increase body size were more likely to consume vegetables and sweets, and less likely to be in highest quartile of physical activity than satisfied adolescents. Those adolescents who desired to reduce body size were more likely to have low fruit consumption and low vegetables consumption than satisfied adolescents. Health actions aiming to reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescents should address the improvement of dietary pattern and physical activity engagement, considering the desire to increase or to decrease body size, once were differently associated in this study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Is physical activity associated with resting heart rate in boys and girls? A representative study controlled for confounders / A atividade física está associada à frequência cardíaca de repouso em meninos e meninas? Estudo representativo controlado para fatores de confusão

Abstract Objective: Investigate the relationship between different domains of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) in boys and girls. Method: The sample included 1011 adolescents, aged between 10 and 17 years. RHR was measured by a heart rate monitor and physical activity was assessed in total and in three different domains (school, occupational, and sports practice) by a questionnaire. Anthropometry was directly obtained for body mass index and central fat. Ethnicity, sedentary behavior, and smoking habits were self-reported and used to adjust the analysis, through hierarchical linear regression. Results: Total physical activity was associated with low RHR in boys (β = −0.52; 95% CI: −0.92, −0.12) and girls (β = −0.67; 95% CI: −1.07, −0.28). Although sporting physical activities were associated with low RHR in both boys (β = −0.58; 95% CI: −1.05, −0.11) and girls (β = −0.87; 95% CI: −1.34, −0.39), occupational physical activity was related to low RHR only in boys (β = −1.56; 95% CI: −2.99, −0.14). Conclusion: The practice of physical activity in the sport practice domain and total physical activity were related to low RHR in both sexes, while occupational physical activities were associated with RHR only in boys.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a relação entre diferentes domínios de atividade física e frequência cardíaca de repouso (FCRep) em meninos e meninas. Método A amostra incluiu 1.011 adolescentes, entre 10 e 17 anos. A FCRep foi medida por um monitor de frequência cardíaca e a atividade física foi avaliada no total e em três diferentes domínios (escolar, ocupacional e prática esportiva) através de um questionário. A antropometria foi obtida diretamente para o índice de massa corporal e gordura central. Etnia, comportamento sedentário e tabagismo foram autorrelatados e usados para ajustar a análise, através da regressão linear hierárquica. Resultados A atividade física total foi associada à baixa FCRep nos meninos (β = −0,52; IC95% −0,92; −0,12) e meninas (β = −0,67; IC95% −1,07; −0,28). Embora as atividades físicas esportivas estivessem associadas à baixa FCRep em ambos, meninos (β = −0,58; IC95% −1,05, −0,11) e meninas (β = −0,87; IC95% −1,34, −0,39), a atividade física ocupacional estava relacionada à baixa FCRep apenas em meninos (β = −1,56; IC95% −2,99; −0,14). Conclusão A prática de atividade física no domínio da prática esportiva e a atividade física total foram relacionadas à baixa FCRep em ambos os sexos, enquanto as atividades físicas ocupacionais foram associadas à FCRep apenas em meninos.

Sedentary behavior is more related with cardiovascular parameters in normal weight than overweight adolescents.

This study analyzed the relationship between sedentary behavior and cardiovascular parameters in normal weight and overweight adolescents. The sample included 449 boys and 555 girls with mean age of 13 years from public schools, which were divided into five geographical regions, with data collections performed in one selected school from each region. Sedentary behavior was assessed by screen time on TV, computer, videogame and cell phone/tablet, with good reliability in adolescents. Physical activity was assessed by Baecke's questionnaire, validated for adolescents. Measures of body weight, height and waist circumference were collected. Adolescents were classified as overweight or normal weight by cut-off points of body mass index for age and sex. Cardiovascular parameters were evaluated by oscillometric device and heart rate by specific monitor. Computer use was positively related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) (ß = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.07-0.62) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ß = 0.25; 95%CI = 0.05-0.44) in normal weight but not in overweight adolescents. Similar results were observed for cell phone/tablet in SBP (ß = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.20-0.72) and DBP (ß = 0.36; 95%CI = 0.18-0.54), only for normal weight. The cluster of screen time was related to SBP in normal weight (ß = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.03-0.84) and overweight (ß = 0.60; 95%CI = 0.01-1.19). Screen time in computer and cell phone/tablet was more related to cardiovascular parameters in normal weight than overweight adolescents.

Gender Analyses of Brazilian Parental Eating and Activity With Their Adolescents' Eating Habits.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between the eating habits of sons and daughters and the eating habits, sedentary behavior, and physical activity of their fathers and mothers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of adolescents. SETTING: The 6 largest schools in Londrina, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 842 adolescents, 842 mothers, and 842 fathers participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Eating habits of adolescents and sedentary behavior, physical activity, and eating habits of their fathers and mothers, measured by questionnaire. ANALYSIS: The associations were identified by binary logistic regression, adjusted by adolescent's age, family's socioeconomic status, parents' educational level, and the other parental behavior. RESULTS: Independent of educational level and socioeconomic condition, mothers' eating behaviors seem to be more closely related to their adolescent children's eating behavior (vegetables, fruits, fried foods, soft drinks, and sweets [P = .001]) than fathers' behaviors (fried foods and sweets [P = .01], soft drinks [P = .001]). In addition, the behaviors of mothers were more associated to the behaviors of daughters than to the behaviors of sons (7 vs 5 associated behaviors), while behaviors of fathers were more associated with the behaviors of sons than to the behaviors of daughters (4 vs 2 associated behaviors). No associations were noted for sedentary and physical activity behavior and eating behaviors between adolescents and their parents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Many eating habits of adolescents were associated with eating habits of both fathers and mothers, emphasizing the importance of family-focused health promotion actions. Future research is needed incorporating into the analyses, among others, the nutritional statuses and the clustering of healthy and unhealthy behaviors of parents and their children.

Is physical activity associated with resting heart rate in boys and girls? A representative study controlled for confounders.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between different domains of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) in boys and girls. METHOD: The sample included 1011 adolescents, aged between 10 and 17 years. RHR was measured by a heart rate monitor and physical activity was assessed in total and in three different domains (school, occupational, and sports practice) by a questionnaire. Anthropometry was directly obtained for body mass index and central fat. Ethnicity, sedentary behavior, and smoking habits were self-reported and used to adjust the analysis, through hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS: Total physical activity was associated with low RHR in boys (ß=-0.52; 95% CI: -0.92, -0.12) and girls (ß=-0.67; 95% CI: -1.07, -0.28). Although sporting physical activities were associated with low RHR in both boys (ß=-0.58; 95% CI: -1.05, -0.11) and girls (ß=-0.87; 95% CI: -1.34, -0.39), occupational physical activity was related to low RHR only in boys (ß=-1.56; 95% CI: -2.99, -0.14). CONCLUSION: The practice of physical activity in the sport practice domain and total physical activity were related to low RHR in both sexes, while occupational physical activities were associated with RHR only in boys.

Physical activity of parents and of their children: a systematic review of Brazilian sample studies - Report Card Brazil / Atividade física de pais e filhos: uma revisão sistemática de estudos com amostras brasileiras - Report Card Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was systematically review the researches in regard the association of PA of parents and the PA of their children. A literature search was performed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and SciELO) using combined terms about youth, PA and social support, with restriction to publications with Brazilian sample and to English and Portuguese language. Thirteen studies were included in this review and was observed a positive association of parental PA and the PA of their children for the majority of the studies (n=11). Only two studies did not observed significant association between PA of parents and their children and, otherwise, it was not observed negative associations in the review. It was observed different associations according to the gender of both parents and children. This findings support the importance for the practice of PA by parents as encouragement for the practice of PA by their children among Brazilians. The strategies to promote the increase in practice of physical activity of children and adolescents of both genders may consider the social support as an important factor, especially in relation to the practice of PA of their parents.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar sistematicamente estudos que analisaram a associação da prática de atividade física de pais e filhos. Foi realizada uma busca sistemática em cinco bases de dados (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs e SciELO), por meio da combinação de termos sobre crianças e adolescentes, atividade física e suporte social, sendo restrita a estudos contendo amostras brasileiras e escritos em Inglês e/ou Português. Foram incluídos treze estudos na presente revisão e foi observada associação positiva da prática de atividade física de pais e filhos na maioria dos estudos (n=11). Somente dois estudos não observaram associação significativa da atividade física de pais e filhos, contudo não foram observadas associações negativas. Foram observadas diferentes associações de acordo com o gênero tanto dos pais quanto dos filhos. Estes achados ressaltam a importância da prática de atividade física dos pais como incentivo à prática de atividade física dos filhos em amostras brasileiras. Estratégias de promoção da prática de atividade física em crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos devem considerar o suporte social como um fator importante, especialmente a respeito da prática de atividade física dos pais.